EVERYTHING ABOUT CHILD AND ADULT VACCINATION

                       EVERYTHING  ABOUT CHILD AND ADULT VACCINATION


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IMMUNIZATION/VACCINATION(BOTH CHILD AND ADULT) WITH ALL UPDATES

  1. 1. IMMUNIZATION DR ASIF IQBAL
  2. 2. Benefits Immunization = Vaccination Cost effective method in controlling the infectious diseases. Small pox - Eradicated. Immunization prevents many diseases. We have created Herd immunity in commonly prevalent diseases.
  3. 3. VaccineTypes...
  4. 4. Types.....
  5. 5. Route of administration
  6. 6. Different protocols to Immunization • Passive Immunization • Active Immunization
  7. 7. passive Immunization • Passive Immunization -Artificially created by passive method ,Can be created at short notice, Effective for limited periods, Antibodies are created in various sources from animals to human. Can be Antiviral ,Antibacterial, Source can be Animals, or Humans, Human source will be effective for 3-6 months. Animals ( Heterologus ) effective for few weeks.
  8. 8. Passive immunizations... Pooled Immunoglobulins(Human Normal Immunoglobulin )Used for short term prophylaxis, Eg Hepatitis A Immunoglobulin Passive Immunization Highly Successful Saves in Acute Infections eg.Diphtheria Antitoxin ,Tetanus Antitoxin ,Rabies Hyper immune Globulins( HRIG ) ,Varicella Zoster Hyper Immune Globulins (HZIG),Botulism - Antitoxin
  9. 9. Active Immunization • Active Immunization . Most Ideal, Cost effective, method to prevent communicable Diseases. • Active Immunization with Toxoids - Single Toxin Modified ,Preserves Antigenicity, Loses its Toxicity. eg- 1. Tetanus Toxoid 2.Diphtheria Toxoid • Inactivated / Killed Vaccines , Microbes are killed, eg -1. Pertusis , (Whooping cough ) 2. Influenza ( Flu) 3. Salk - Killed vaccine for (Poliomyelitis) • Attenuated Live vaccine ,Inactivation destroys pathogenicity, Protective immunity is retained ,Contains living organisms with reduced virulance, 1) Live polio vaccines –Sabins, 2 )Yellow fever vaccine 17D strain.
  10. 10. Herd Immunity • Definition – When most of the People in a community are immune to particular infection- Natural transmission is inhibited. • Herd Immunity works in infections transmitted from person to person only. E.g-The Mass oral polio vaccine creates a Herd Immunity and protects the Society .
  11. 11. Routine check up
  12. 12. Immunization Schedules
  13. 13. Immunization Schedules
  14. 14. Immunization Schedules
  15. 15. Immunization Schedules
  16. 16. FLU VACCINE...
  17. 17. Flu vaccine
  18. 18. FLU VACCINE......
  19. 19. USE OF TT /TIG FOR WOUND
  20. 20. SOME COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS • A baby was given the B.C.G. injection about two months ago, has developed a small blister at the site of injection. Is this a cause of worry? Please reassure your pts attendant that there is no cause for worry. This is a normal reaction after the B.C.G. injection. About 4 to 6 weeks after B.C.G. injection a small lump called a papule appears at a of the injection which may later break, giving out a whitish discharge. This will heal in about 10 to 12 weeks after the injection has been given and will leave a scar. Only if the discharge continues without the wound drying up, should the doctor be consulted • After the D.P.T. injection, the infant may have pain at the site of the injection and may even develop fever. In that case the baby may be given 1/2 a table or 1/2 a tsp. of paracetamol • After the measles injection, measles like rashes may appear. These are normal. Very rarely, children can have allergic reactions straight after immunization. Also if the baby develops high fever or loses consciousness, a doctor should be consulted immediately. People giving immunizations are trained to deal with allergic reactions and if the child is treated quickly, he or she will recover fully. • Ordinarily common illnesses like a cold or a diarrhea are not impediments against getting vaccinated
  21. 21. WHEN TO AVOID.... • AVOID IMMUNIZATION • The child has a high fever; • He has had a bad reaction to another immunization; • He has had a severe reaction after eating eggs; or • Has had convulsions (fits) in the past. (With the right advice, children who have had fits in the past can be immunized.) • He has had, or is having, treatment for cancer; • He has any illness which affects the immune system, for example, HIV or AIDS. • He is taking any medicine which affects the immune system, for example, immunosuppressants (given after organ transplant or for malignant disease) or high-dose steroids.
  22. 22. Hpv vaccine
  23. 23. Hpv vaccine..
  24. 24. Meningococcal vaccine
  25. 25. Adolescent vaccinatios..
  26. 26. Rota virus vaccine
  27. 27. Rota virus vaccine
  28. 28. Zooster vaccine
  29. 29. Typhoid vaccine
  30. 30. Vaccine for travelers...
  31. 31. Cholera vaccine--vaxchora
  32. 32. Pneumococcal vaccine
  33. 33. Pneumococcal vaccine...
  34. 34. Pneumococcal vaccine...
  35. 35. Yellow fever vaccine
  36. 36. Hiv vaccine on phase 3.................
  37. 37. Cold chain for vaccine...
  38. 38. Thanks for hearing Have a good day

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